Whereas the content theories concentrate on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the issues relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as factors that determine the degree of effort, the continuation of effort, the modification of effort, etc. Summary of content and process theories of motivation download. While process theories focus on how something happens, variance theories focus on why something happens. Motivation is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Application of motivation theories in the construction industry omotayo olugbenga aina. Introduction to motivational theory, content theory and. Explain the difference between content theories of motivation and process theories of motivation. The main difference between content and process theories is that content theory focuses on individual needs, while process theory focuses on behavior. Motivation is the result of the interaction between an individual and a situation.
Process theory of motivation pdf motivate people, including the fear of losing a job, financial incentives, self. Content theory includes the work of david mcclelland. Mostly this is because of the very serious lack of sound data in this area. Process theories are often contrasted with variance theories, that is, systems of ideas that explain the variance in a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables. Doc theories of motivation content and process theories. Managers tend to believe one or the other and treat their employees accordingly. Content theory vs process theory difference between content theory and process theory is that, content theory emphasizes on the reasons for changing the human needs frequently while process theory focuses on the psychological processes which affect motivation, with regard to the expectations, goals, and perceptions of equity.
It is also known as cognitive theory because it is concerned with. The distinction between content and process theories of motivation. Introduction motivation is a reason or set or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior as studied in psychology and neuropsychology. It is important to know and understand the differences in a workplace setting so managers can motivate their employees to do a good job. This content was copied from view the original, and get the alreadycompleted solution here.
Read this social issues essay and over 89,000 other research documents. A process theory is a system of ideas that explains how an entity changes and develops. We can distinguish between contentand processmotivation theories. Sometimes financial rewards motivate people and sometimes it is just an inner drive to make a difference. Theory x states that employees dislike and try to avoid work, so they must be coerced into doing it. According to this theory motivation of any individual depends on the desired goal and strength of his expectation of achieving.
In essence, these theories examine how a persons needs will affect his behavior in order to achieve a goal related to those needs. Theories of motivation maslow need hierarchy theory 3. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The psychological and behavioral processes that motivate a person to act in a particular way are referred to as process theories of motivation. Quit chapter start contents video chapter end web site. This essay will begin first of all by defining motivation as a business concept and then go on to present one process and content theory each before finally. Extracted from the logical comparison of content and process theories article pdf available in international journal of higher education 6. Maslows hierarchy of needs model alderfers modified need hierarchy model herzbergs twofactor theory mcclellands achievement motivation theory maslows hierarchy of needs model this theory was originally published in 1943 and examines individual development and motivation. Limitations of approches in practice to be analysed and given solution too.
These theories are typically used in a workplace context and there are. What is the difference between content and process theory. The diagonal model of job satisfaction and motivation eric. Week four discussion explain the difference between. Discuss the strength and weaknesses of content and process.
The rest differences maslows, alderfers, mcclellands, and herzbergs theories focused on satisfying needs but the goal setting theory focused on creating a need and reaching. Shamimul islam abstract as we know motivation is a mechanism which ultimately influences people to act in a desired way. They are concerned with types of incentives that drive people to attain need fulfillment. Content theory definition in the cambridge english. Processrelated theories explain how motivation evolves and is. Discuss the major similarities and differences among the four content motivation theories. Compare and contrast one process theory of motivation with one content theory. The most wellknown process theory of motivation is the reinforcement theory, which focused on the consequences of human behavior as a. In process theory, the emphasis is on the psychological processes or forces that affect motivation, as well as on basic needs. Motivation theories also explain how to influence ones direction to behavior that allows controlling and guiding employees actions. Not one process fits all individuals, and leaders and administrators in the public sector should look to use content theories as a way of identifying what makes individuals tick, and subsequently look to process theories as a way of beginning a way to motivate them. Definition of content theory from the cambridge business english dictionary.
Motivation theories are used to understand, explain and. Since the great depression there have been many studies, hypotheses and theories on the subject of human motivation. Maslows hierarchy of needs, mcclellands theory of achievement, power, and affiliation needs, and herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation are explained. What is the difference between the content and process. It is important to understand these theories and their differences because it can assist in managing both the antecedents and conditions that can facilitate desirable behaviors. The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories. Process and content theory of motivation and how they. Process cognitive theories of motivation 1 reinforcement theory argues that the behaviour that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated. Process theories attempt to identify the relationship among the dynamic variables, which make up motivation. Motivating employees in academic libraries in tough times.
I need someone to explain the meanings of these theories, or key words that go with it. Later theories directly addressed the managementemployee relationship. Distinguish between content and process theories of work motivation introduction 228 understand and discuss two alternative expectancy theories of work motivation vrooms vie model 228230 the porter and lawler model 231234 fig 8. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological need that. The use of both content and process theories must be put into practice to motivate employees effectively. Introduction to motivational theory content theory and process theory presentation by. Using your explanation, present some aspect of how theory informs organizational practice. Similarities and differences between the theories of. Hierarchy of needs suggest an overview of needs from low to high. These include the abraham maslow hierarchy of needs, frederick herzbergs motivation and hygiene factors etc.
Operant conditioning theory is the simplest of the motivation theories. Motivational theories a critical analysis mohammad faizul haque mohammad aminul haque md. Difference between content theory and process theory. It basically states that people will do those things for which they are rewarded and will. Adams equity show more content an example is that an employee with large income is less likely to be motivated by money, and will be highly motivated by career development and social needs. Discuss some differences between content theories and process theories, include how these relate to validity and reliability. Job satisfaction is a positive emotional state about the fulfilment of values from the. Content and process theories of motivation essay example. Many theories of motivation are developed by phycologists and human resources specialists.
Content theories provide for a static snapshot of how people are motivated to perform certain activities. The importance of motivation in organizations and job satisfaction is vital for the. Motivation is generally understood as the drive or the desire to do things. The distinction between content and process theories. The sum total of motivation theories can be broadly classified into two main categories. Maslow, alderfer, herzberg and mcclelland studied motivation from a content perspective. In the field of organizational behavioral studies, there are two different categories called content theories also known as need theory and process theories. Chapter 5 contemporary theories of motivation integrating. Start studying content and process theories of motivation.
I looked them up on the internet, and i just need a better explaination, to make sure i am understanding it right. Here in this study we try to focus on the theoretical aspects of motivation from early era and also from contemporary era. Douglas mcgregor proposed two different motivational theories. There is no universally accepted theory of motivation. Two such theories are expectancy theory and equity theory. What is the primary difference between content the. The first of its kind to be applied to the workforce was maslows hierarchy of needs, which is a theory still included in todays management textbooks.
Theories of motivation and their application in organizations. Include in your answer a brief explanation why one is a process and the other is a content theory. A theory of human motivation 4 it is far easier to perceive and to criticize the aspects in motivation theory than to remedy them. Discuss and critically analyse difference between the content and the process theories of motivation. Content theories of motivation are one of the types of motivation theory. Goal internalization theories an individual adopts an attitude or behavior because it is. An example is alderfers erg theory discussed below. Motivation process is universal, all people are motivated to pursue goals they value. Early and modern theories of motivation allow a manager to find the reasons for peoples actions, desires, and needs. Goal setting theory differences how will this content help me in the future. Introduction to motivational theory, content theory and process theory 1. Content theories content theories are concerned with what is within an individual.
A process theory define motivation as a rational cognitive process occurring within the individual e. Essay on different theories of motivation 1724 words. The diagonal model of job satisfaction and motivation. The motivation cycleprocess, motivation theories content theories, process theories and reinforcement theories, the strengths and weaknesses of motivation theories and a motivational model are identified so as to gain an understanding of what motivates an employee. These theories provide insight into what motivates people to act a certain way in a particular setting and are popular in business management. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized. Process theories are concerned with the thought processes that influence behaviour. Process theories of motivation organizational behavior. In this chapter, content and processrelated theories of work motivation are described and discussed. Give practicle examples and describe its implications on organisational practices. Process theories place emphasis on the actual process of motivation. People are driven by so many things by their passion, by the need for money or financial. References to be done in ms word harvard referencing format.
These theories are more concerned with how behavior is initiated, directed and sustained. What are the critical differences between content and. Amit saran jatinder s badwal samardeep singh shekhar tandale contents content theories on motivation attempt to identify what things motivate people. The distinction between content and process theories notesmatic. Content theories there are four main theories of motivation. Content theory of motivation explains the reason behind the change in human needs with time. Propose at least three strategies to motivate others in the.
Based on content theory that emphasize on factors and needs that encourage and inspire employees behaviour as well as performance. Process theories of motivation written by marla rosen thursday, 05 may 2011 10. Discuss the strength and weaknesses of content and process theories of motivation people are an organisation’s most valuable and. We have appreciated earlier the importance of motivation in determining human behaviour. Content process theories of motivation variety of workplace motivation theories are classified as either process theory or content theory campbell et. They are used to understand the specific factors that motivate behaviour. I conceive this lack of sound facts to be due primarily to the absence of a valid theory of motivation. Compare and contrast one process theory of motivation.
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